Riassunto analitico
The main issue of this dissertation concerns the explanation of the novel concept of Industry 4.0. This term, named for the first time by Prof. dr. Henning Kagermann and his German group of research, represents the fourth stage of innovation technology and it holds huge potential for the factory of the future. Smart factory, smart products together with smart city and world are no more a dream words, they are real and capable today to gain a lot of ground over the past perspectives. Industry 4.0 makes reference to a series of innovative contents among which individual customer requirements, last minute change in production, simulation and real-time communication delivered across the entire value network.
During the course of the thesis, a series of advances in technology that makes this possible will be described.
Nevertheless, the core of the analysis aims to investigate the possible scenarios in the human-machine relationship. At the moment, a heated debate is in progress among professors, researchers and experts and, in particular, it is divided in two main perspective of analysis. The first one, starting from the seminal work of Frey and Osborne on the future of employment, embraces the thesis of Digital Taylorism that is a reconsideration of the old Taylorism in which everything, this time in the digitalized world, is governed by formalization and pre-determined model of action. Under this perspective the human contribution results subordinated and controlled by machine, by this boss that wears metal pants.
The second perspective, referred to as the living laboring capacity (LLC) approach, is instead in favor of the human role and experience, that now in Industry 4.0 is more important than ever. There are some evidence showing that this last hypothesis is as plausible as the former but it has the potential to generates another fundamental question: Industry 4.0 will increase more and more this need of experience and the key issue become now the way in which to organize the working activities in order to allow the progression of LLC and in general new knowledge.
In other words, if the experience is always in mutation, recursively generates but also modified, there is the need to understand under which conditions it is possible to generate new knowledge and competences in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.
To answer this question the dissertation suggests a conceptual framework maintaining that the effectiveness of the production depends on the ability of operators to implement their own decisions and to influence the regulation of the overall process. As a consequence, they favor the development of new knowledge and competences.
In this sense, the chapter 3 aim to research, using the method of Organizational Congruencies, the aspects of work in which autonomy could be requested, showing empirically a possible perspective by which new expertize could be produced.
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