Riassunto analitico
By 2049, the centenary of the People's Republic of China, the goal is to "build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious". China wants to become the First powerful economy in the world and the innovation leader. In the last years, China has shown determination to close the gap with the most powerful economies and to regain a role of technological innovation both in terms of policies such as the Made in China 2025 (MIC2025) and in terms of concrete investments. In fact, innovation is considered as one of the main sources of national power as it creates wealth and leads to technological advancement and, for this reason, it involves several broad economical categories and therefore it is not easy to measure. The aim of this thesis is to examine how China is close to its 2049 objective measuring its level of innovation and examining the innovation level of China in comparison with the United States. In order to achieve this, Research and Development (R&D) expenditures have been considered as core input to better understand which sectors and businesses are the principal addresses of Chinese Government’s efforts, while patents have been used as main output indicator of innovation, since they secure exclusive rights to an invention and thereby offer insight into key areas of innovation. This work reviews the evolution and the impact of China’s patent system on the patenting behaviours of multinational and domestic companies in China. Therefore, for different kinds of technologies, a comparison across different countries has been made in terms of patents granted and through the analysis of patenting performances under the international Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT). The data that have been used in this part comes from the Chinese National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). Besides, extracting and processing data from the Scimago Journal and Ranks database and the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) the number of publications in scientific journals and the frequency of their citations, as well as the rank of the World best universities have been used to analyse the evolution and the China’s path in the basic and applied research together with the Research and Development Expenditures. To analyse the R&D expenditures, the more consistent number of data have been extracted from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Statistics and this section includes a comparison with the United States of America. China has showed progress on all the indicators and it is catching up with the USA, that are making less rapid progress. According to the two main indicators used in this study, there are no reasons to think that the great climbing of China is going to stop during the following years especially because it is performing very good in cutting-edge sectors.
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Abstract
By 2049, the centenary of the People's Republic of China, the goal is to "build a modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious". China wants to become the First powerful economy in the world and the innovation leader.
In the last years, China has shown determination to close the gap with the most powerful economies and to regain a role of technological innovation both in terms of policies such as the Made in China 2025 (MIC2025) and in terms of concrete investments. In fact, innovation is considered as one of the main sources of national power as it creates wealth and leads to technological advancement and, for this reason, it involves several broad economical categories and therefore it is not easy to measure.
The aim of this thesis is to examine how China is close to its 2049 objective measuring its level of innovation and examining the innovation level of China in comparison with the United States.
In order to achieve this, Research and Development (R&D) expenditures have been considered as core input to better understand which sectors and businesses are the principal addresses of Chinese Government’s efforts, while patents have been used as main output indicator of innovation, since they secure exclusive rights to an invention and thereby offer insight into key areas of innovation.
This work reviews the evolution and the impact of China’s patent system on the patenting behaviours of multinational and domestic companies in China. Therefore, for different kinds of technologies, a comparison across different countries has been made in terms of patents granted and through the analysis of patenting performances under the international Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT).
The data that have been used in this part comes from the Chinese National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA), the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS).
Besides, extracting and processing data from the Scimago Journal and Ranks database and the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) the number of publications in scientific journals and the frequency of their citations, as well as the rank of the World best universities have been used to analyse the evolution and the China’s path in the basic and applied research together with the Research and Development Expenditures. To analyse the R&D expenditures, the more consistent number of data have been extracted from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Statistics and this section includes a comparison with the United States of America.
China has showed progress on all the indicators and it is catching up with the USA, that are making less rapid progress. According to the two main indicators used in this study, there are no reasons to think that the great climbing of China is going to stop during the following years especially because it is performing very good in cutting-edge sectors.
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