Abstract
SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD) IS A GENETIC DISORDER BELONGING TO HAEMOGLOBINOPHATIES. SCD IS A CHRONIC HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA DUE TO A MUTATION IN THE 6TH AMINOACID OF BETA CHAIN GENE. GLUTAMIC ACID IS REPLACED BY VALINE. AS CONSEQUENCE WHEN DEOXYGENATED RED BLOOD CELLS BECOME SICKLE. SICKLING IS THE BASIS OF SCD CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. IT IS KNOWN THAT HEART CAN BE DAMAGED IN SCD AND PATIENTS CAN PRESENT CARDIAC ALTERATIONS AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. NEVERTHELESS DATA ABOUT HEART COMPLICATIONS AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN WITH SCD ARE LIMITED. THE STUDY HAS THE AIM TO VALUE THE PREVALENCE OF EARLY SIGNS OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH SCD. WE MADE AN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY BY COMPARING 47 CASES AND 52 CONTROLS.WE CONSIDERED PATIENTS BETWEEN 0-21 YEARS OLD WITH SS OR SC GENOTYPE, BOTH MALE AND FEMALE. THEY ARE OMPARED WITH 52 CONTROLS MATCHED FOR AGE AND SEX. WE COLLECTED ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS WHILE IN CASE GROUP WE COLLECTED ALSO HAEMATOLOGICAL, PHARMACOTHERAPY DATA AND DATA ABOUT HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS. 32% OF SCD PATIENTS HAD AN AGE ≤ 5 YEARS OLD. IN THE CASE GROUP CLINICAL SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY WAS DIFFERENT AMOUNG PATIENTS. WE OBSERVED IN A SIGNIFICANT STATISTICAL MANNER, MITRALIC REGURGITATION AND TRICUSPID REGURGITATION IN CASE GROUP COMPARED TO CONTROLS. 10.6% OF SCD PATIENTS SHOWED PAPS ≥30 MMHG COMPARED WITH 0% OF HEALTHY CONTROLS (P=0.021). PAPS VALUES SHOWED A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP WIRH LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS, LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME, POSTERIOR WALL THICKNESS AND INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM. MEAN LEFT ATRIAL VOLUME VALUE IN SCD PATIENTS WAS 28.2 ML/M2 WHILE IN CONTROLS WAS 21.7 ML/M2 (P<0.0001). MOREOVER IN SCD PATIENTS WE OBSERVED RIGHT ATRIAL DILATATION IN 40.4% PATIENTS AND LEFT ATRIAL DILATATION IN 53% PATIENTS, ON THE OTHER HAND NONE OF HEALTHY CONTROLS HAD DILATATION OF RIGHT OR LEFT ATRIUM.
CARDIAC ALTERATIONS IN SCD MAY OCCUR IN VERY YOUNG AGE. THESE PATIENTS MAY DEVELOP PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION. IN CONCLUSION ROUTINE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDIES SHOULD BE PERFORMED IN SCD CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AND IT SHOULD BE STARTED AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WITH THE AIM OF AN EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND CONSEQUENTLY AN IMPROVING IN THE THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY AND PROGNOSIS OF THESE YOUNG PATIENTS.
|