Riassunto analitico
Since countries have started to expand their activities abroad and the world had become open to international trade, trade policies implemented by economies and their political choices have always had an impact on international relationships. Researches have shown that free trade, although cannot be considered as the perfect way to regulate international trade, if it is fairly regulated is the best trade policy that can be implemented among economies worldwide and any form of trade restrictions has resulted in an efficiency loss and created consumption distortions. This dissertation aims at determining how international trade can be impacted by the so-called sovereign tendencies, with a particular focus on the new phenomena, from the growing movements towards Euroscepticism, just think on the Brexit case, to the “Make America Great Again” Donald Trump’s motto, which has exhumed the old American protectionist instincts. In this context, protectionism is referred to as the economic policy implemented by nations aimed at imposing trade restrictions and limiting imports from other countries by means of tariffs, quotas and other regulations, which totally contradicts the idea of trade liberalization. Based on data from the existing literature, the main question which is attempted to answer is: What is the impact of the current protectionist tendencies on international trade? The way of reasoning was to collect data from scientific papers and other academic sources, as well as gather primary data from surveys. In particular, an empirical evidence is presented in the Fourth Chapter of the present work, discussing the Case Study on the company Bosch Rexroth Oil Control S.p.A. Based on a revise on the literature, academic papers and newspapers on the current events, a survey was distributed to some members of the company. Respondents were chosen according to their involvement in the Export Control activities inside the company, and their general knowledge in Foreign Trade. Analysing the responses shows that the common idea is that free trade and in general international trade agreements have positive effects on companies’ exports and all the attempts to impose any kinds of trade restrictions will in turn result in an important loss for the economies, given the unstoppable Globalization process. On this basis, economies should cooperate towards the achievement of an international trade based on common interests, by means of trade agreements and fair trade policies which allow every country to favourably grow and compete worldwide.
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Abstract
Since countries have started to expand their activities abroad and the world had become open to international trade, trade policies implemented by economies and their political choices have always had an impact on international relationships. Researches have shown that free trade, although cannot be considered as the perfect way to regulate international trade, if it is fairly regulated is the best trade policy that can be implemented among economies worldwide and any form of trade restrictions has resulted in an efficiency loss and created consumption distortions.
This dissertation aims at determining how international trade can be impacted by the so-called sovereign tendencies, with a particular focus on the new phenomena, from the growing movements towards Euroscepticism, just think on the Brexit case, to the “Make America Great Again” Donald Trump’s motto, which has exhumed the old American protectionist instincts. In this context, protectionism is referred to as the economic policy implemented by nations aimed at imposing trade restrictions and limiting imports from other countries by means of tariffs, quotas and other regulations, which totally contradicts the idea of trade liberalization.
Based on data from the existing literature, the main question which is attempted to answer is: What is the impact of the current protectionist tendencies on international trade? The way of reasoning was to collect data from scientific papers and other academic sources, as well as gather primary data from surveys. In particular, an empirical evidence is presented in the Fourth Chapter of the present work, discussing the Case Study on the company Bosch Rexroth Oil Control S.p.A. Based on a revise on the literature, academic papers and newspapers on the current events, a survey was distributed to some members of the company. Respondents were chosen according to their involvement in the Export Control activities inside the company, and their general knowledge in Foreign Trade. Analysing the responses shows that the common idea is that free trade and in general international trade agreements have positive effects on companies’ exports and all the attempts to impose any kinds of trade restrictions will in turn result in an important loss for the economies, given the unstoppable Globalization process. On this basis, economies should cooperate towards the achievement of an international trade based on common interests, by means of trade agreements and fair trade policies which allow every country to favourably grow and compete worldwide.
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