Abstract
Starting from the expression for the partition function of a quantum electronic system, three-particle correlation functions are derived and analyzed the in the framework of a quantum field theory in condensed matter physics. Corresponding three-point diagrams are calculated in the Matsubara scheme using the formalism of Green's functions at finite temperatures. Afterwards, obtained results are applied to the following physical problems of interest. The first problem is related to optical properties of two-dimensional Dirac-like systems and consists of the calculation of the optical second harmonic response from these materials. The latter is presented in systems with the broken inversion symmetry and can be revealed, for example, in the graphene model with the non-zero mass term. This situation is relevant, for instance, when the graphene is disposed on top of an insulating substrate with the honeycomb lattice structure. Here, all components of the second harmonic response function have been calculated for the model of graphene on the hexagonal boron nitride substrate, and their relation to the crystal symmetry of the obtained system has been investigated. The second problem concerns the study of the three-spin interaction that appears in the system of localized spins coupled to itinerant electrons. Here, the general expression for the three-particle correction to the energy of the system is explicitly calculated in the framework of the s-d model. As the result, the relevant three-spin interaction term that enters an effective spin model has been derived. It has been found that the chiral term corresponding to the triple product of spins emerges in the presence of a magnetic flux. Other terms that arise in the presence of strong electron-spin interaction or spin-orbit coupling have also been investigated. Furthermore, a continuous limit of the spin model in the presence of the chiral three-spin interaction (micromagnetic model) has been developed, starting a preliminary study of the stability of topological spin textures that can appear in the system due to the novel twisted-exchange interaction derived in this work.
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