Abstract
Introduction - Several factors are known to influence levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy. Sulfation and glucuronidation represent two metabolic processes of thyroid hormones (THs) which increase iodothyronines water-solubility, promoting biliary and urinary clearance. In gut some bacteria express enzymes called -glucuronidases and sulfatases. Once deconjugated by these enzymes, THs can be reabsorbed, creating the enterohepatic recycle of iodothyronines. In this way, gut can be considered a possible reservoir of THs. Acting on gut microorganisms, the enterohepatic recycle could be regulated, modifying LT4 requirement. This randomized controlled study evaluated whether probiotics are able to influence LT4 replacement therapy in hypothyroid patients.
Subjects and Methods - Eighty patients on LT4 therapy were enrolled and randomized into two groups. The study group patients assumed the probiotic supplement VSL#3 for two months, followed by a two months of wash-out, and continued their usual LT4 therapy. Contrary, the control group patients only carried on their LT4 therapy. Every thirty days all patients underwent hormonal and anthropometric evaluation. This is an interim analysis that considers only the treatment phase.
Results - No differences between groups or among visits were observed considering THs and TSH levels. However, control group patients required significantly more LT4 dose adjustments than study group (p=0.045). Moreover, in the study group TSH and fT4 lost their expected correlation with fT3 (p=0.516 and p=0.462, respectively).
Discussion - VSL#3 does not impair LT4 absorption but it could contribute to hormones levels “stability”, perhaps acting on enterohepatic recycle. This would explain why no difference in hormonal parameters were observed.
Conclusions - This is the first randomized controlled trial evaluating possible interactions among probiotics, LT4 therapy and THs. Even though the first treatment phase showed no significant differences in hormonal parameters between groups and among visits, interesting evidences suggest a possible influence of probiotics. The comparison with the wash-out phase will give a more comprehensive picture of VSL#3 effect on LT4 therapy.
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